山区小型水库施工导流方案多准则融合优化方法研究

Multi-criteria integrated optimization method for construction diversion schemes of small mountainous reservoirs

摘要:

为解决山区地形狭窄及复杂地质条件下水库施工导流方案优选难题,开展导流多准则比选与量化优化研究。构建融合层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评价(FCE)与遗传算法(GA)的决策模型。利用AHP-FCE评价模型确定可行性、安全性等准则权重,并对明渠与隧洞方案进行量化评价,引入GA对优选方案断面进行全局寻优。结果表明:明渠导流方案综合得分为83.2分,优于隧洞导流的71.4分,确认为优选方案;经GA优化后,明渠底宽调整为1.75 m,渠深调整为2.35 m,混凝土方量减少12%,综合成本降低7.8%。AHP-FCE-GA融合模型能够实现施工导流从定性比选到定量参数优化的全过程科学决策。

Abstract:

To address the challenge of selecting an optimal construction diversion scheme for reservoirs in mountainous areas characterized by narrow terrain and complex geological conditions, a multi-criteria comparative assessment and quantitative optimization study of diversion alternatives was conducted. A hybrid decision-making framework integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was established. The AHP-FCE approach was employed to determine the weights of key criteria, including technical feasibility and safety, and to quantitatively evaluate open-channel and tunnel diversion schemes. Subsequently, GA was introduced to perform global optimization of the cross-sectional parameters of the selected scheme. The results indicated that the open-channel diversion scheme achieved a comprehensive score of 83.2, outperforming the tunnel diversion scheme (71.4), and was thus identified as the optimal option. After GA-based optimization, the bottom width of the open channel was adjusted to 1.75 m and the channel depth to 2.35 m, resulting in a 12% reduction in concrete volume and a 7.8% decrease in overall cost. The proposed hybrid model enables a systematic decision-making process integrating qualitative comparison and quantitative parameter optimization for construction diversion.