面向数字孪生水利的动态矢量切片服务关键技术与应用

Key technologies and application of dynamic vector tile services for digital twin water conservancy

摘要:

随着数字孪生水利体系建设的全面推进，水利业务系统对海量空间数据动态渲染的需求日益迫切。传统基于WMS协议的栅格切片方案在面向全国尺度水系数据时，存在切片预生成周期长、动态属性无法实时更新、高并发场景服务器负载过高等问题。提出一种面向水利业务的高性能动态矢量切片系统，以PostGIS空间数据库和Martin切片服务器为核心技术栈，针对全国14万条河流线、9.5万座水库点、7000余处灌区面等要素，设计并实现请求驱动型动态切片生成算法、基于地理空间范围的多级LRU缓存策略及属性动态注入机制。在理论层面，对切片生成时间复杂度和缓存命中率进行形式化建模，并通过实验验证模型的预测准确性；在工程层面，完成在水利部数字孪生平台的生产部署，支撑流域防洪、河湖管理等业务高并发地图场景应用。

Abstract:

With the comprehensive advancement of digital twin water conservancy construction, water conservancy business systems faced increasingly urgent demands for the dynamic rendering of massive spatial data. Conventional raster tile solutions based on the WMS protocol suffered from several bottlenecks when handling nationwide water system data, including lengthy tile pre-generation cycles, the inability to update dynamic attributes in real time, and excessive server load under high-concurrency conditions. This paper proposed a high-performance dynamic vector tile system tailored for water conservancy applications. Built on a technology stack centered on the PostGIS spatial database and the Martin tile server, the system targets 140 000 river polyline features, 95 000 reservoir point features, and more than 7 000 irrigation district polygon features at the national scale. A request-driven dynamic tile generation algorithm, a multi-level LRU caching strategy at geospatial extent, and a dynamic attribute injection mechanism were designed and implemented. At the theoretical level, formal models were established for tile-generation time complexity and cache hit rate, and their predictive accuracy was validated through experiments. At the engineering level, the system has been deployed in production on the Digital Twin Platform of the Ministry of Water Resources, supporting high-concurrency map application scenarios such as basin flood control and river and lake management.