基于SAR遥感的海河“23·7”特大洪水东淀蓄滞洪区淹没范围动态监测及灾害评估

Dynamic monitoring and disaster assessment of Haihe River “23 · 7” extreme fl ooding in Dongdian Flood Storage Area based on SAR remote sensing

摘要:

针对洪涝灾害发生时光学遥感受恶劣天气影响难以获取有效数据的问题，为快速准确提取洪水淹没范围及评估区域灾害情况，以海河东淀蓄滞洪区为研究区，“23·7”特大洪水灾害发生前后的 Sentinel-1 SAR 卫星影像为数据源，基于变化检测方法快速提取洪水淹没范围，分析洪涝灾害的时空变化特征，并利用土地覆盖、粮食作物种植分布、人口密度等数据，评估受灾程度及影响人数。结果表明：2023 年 7—9 月东淀蓄滞洪区受洪水影响较大，耕地受损严重，受灾人数较多；基于多时相 SAR 影像，利用变化检测方法快速提取淹没范围可实现动态监测及灾害评估，为国家应急救灾提供数据支持。

Abstract:

Flood disasters pose a signifi cant challenge for optical remote sensing due to adverse weather conditions， which hinder eff ective data acquisition. To rapidly and accurately extract fl ood inundation extents and assess regional disaster impacts，this study focused on the Dongdian Flood Storage Area in Haihe River using Sentinel-1 SAR satellite imagery before and after the “23·7” extreme fl ood event. A change detection method was applied to quickly extract the inundation extent and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the fl ood. Furthermore，disaster severity and aff ected populations were assessed using land cover，crop distribution，and population density data. The results indicate that from July to September 2023，the Dongdian Flood Storage Area experienced severe flooding，with signifi cant damage to croplands and a large aff ected population. The study demonstrates that dynamic monitoring and disaster assessment can be effi ciently achieved using multi-temporal SAR imagery and change detection methods， providing critical data support for national emergency response and disaster relief eff orts.