数字孪生淮河防洪“四预”系统关键技术

Key technology of “four pre” system for fl ood control of digital twin Huaihe River

摘要:

聚焦淮河流域防洪减灾重大需求面临的预报、预警、预演、预案关键科技难题，利用无人机、激光雷达、卫星遥感等“空天地”一体化技术，研发基于多源多尺度信息的数据底板构建技术，构建高精度多要素数据底板；利用水文水动力数值模拟和并行计算技术，构建超大规模水文水动力学耦合模拟技术；基于高精度数据底板、高性能算力和高精准算法，建立数字孪生淮河防洪“四预”平台，并在 2020 年淮河流域性较大洪水复盘检视和 2021—2022 年淮河多场次暴雨洪水中进行了应用。结果表明：计算节点数量由原来的 9 个细化至 5 157 个，计算单元大小由原来的 9 648 km² 细化至 17 km²，模型平均效率系数为 0.8，淮河干流主要控制站最大流量预报相对误差基本在 10%以内，洪水预报预见期能达到 2~4 d，可实现全流域全要素的精细化模拟，为数字孪生流域、洪水预报及工程调度提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

Focusing on the key scientific and technological problems of forecasting，early warning，rehearsal，andpreplan faced by the major needs of fl ood control and disaster reduction in the Huaihe River basin， new technology ofspace and earth intergration is used in this paper，such as UAV，laser radar and satellite remote sensing. This paper buildsa data base with high-precision and multi-elements based on multi-source and multi-scale information technology，and builds a large-scale coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic simulation by using hydrological and hydrodynamic numerical simulation and parallel computing techniques. Based on the high-precision data base，high-performancecomputing power and high-precision algorithm，the flood control “four pre” platform of digital twin Huaihe River isestablished，which is applied in the review of major floods in 2020 and multiple rainstorm floods from 2021 to 2022in the Huaihe River basin. The results show that the number of calculation nodes has been refined from 9 to 5 157，the size of calculation units has been refi ned from 9648 km² to 17 km²，and the average effi ciency coeffi cient is 0.8. The relative error of predicted flow peak at main control stations in the Huaihe River mainstream is basically below 10%，and the prediction period of flood can reach 2 ~ 4 days. The detailed simulation of all elements of the whole basin can be realized，which provides technical support for the digital twin basin，flood forecasting and project dispatching.