基于遥感监测的黄河三角洲湿地演变分析研究

Analysis of Yellow River Delta wetland evolution based on remote sensing monitoring

摘要:

为保护黄河三角洲湿地生态系统，掌握湿地变化趋势，以 1986—2018 年间 15 a 卫星遥感影像为数据源，通过 ERDAS 9.0 和 ArcGIS 10.3 平台开展黄河三角洲湿地遥感解译，建立土地利用转移矩阵，分析黄河三角洲湿地面积和分布格局及变化特征。结果显示：湿地是黄河三角洲主要生态系统类型，主要分布在沿海区域， 与 20 世纪 80 年代相比，黄河三角洲湿地面积整体下降，其中自然湿地萎缩严重，人工湿地增长迅速，湿地面积和结构均发生较显著变化，而区域土地资源开发是湿地结构变化的主要因素。研究成果表明：基于遥感解译，采用 ERDAS 9.0 和 ArcGIS 10.3 平台能快速获取较多湿地类型信息，提高提取精度，可为大范围土地利用分类研究提供方法参考。

Abstract:

In order to protect wetland ecosystem of the Yellow River Delta and understand the evolution trend of wetland, remote sensing images from 1986 to 2018 are used as data sources to carry out remote sensing interpretation of the Yellow River Delta wetland through ERDAS 9.0 and ArcGIS10.3 platforms, land use transfer matrix is established. The area, distribution and changing patterns of wetland are analyzed. The results show that wetland is the main ecosystem type in the Yellow River Delta, mainly distributed in the coastal area. Compared with the 1980s, the overall wetland area in the Yellow River Delta decreased, in which the natural wetland shrank seriously, while the constructed wetland increased rapidly, leading to a significant change in wetland area and structure. The development of regional land resources is the main factor of wetland structure change. The research results also show that based on remote sensing interpretation, ERDAS 9.0 and ArcGIS10.3 platforms can quickly obtain more information of wetland types and improve the extraction accuracy, which can provide for large-scale land use classification research.